Very well done explanation of the state of the art of CO2 capture. The problem is separating CO2 from the nitrogen ballast (N2 and steam are 80% of flue gas) and the NOx and SOx and aerosols, such as mercury vapor and PM-2.5 fly ash which are in the gaseous emission streams of fossil fuel fired plants. The oxyfuel combustion process does the gas separation by membranes prior to combustion; its energy penalty is approximately the same as for post-combustion capture but the membranes do not need to withstand the temperature (~370 C) and pollutants of flue gas. Mercury and fly ash would also be a problem for membranes, so I hope these Australian demonstrations use realistic feed streams. The footprint of the air separation unit is not inconsiderable. Sorbents (amine scrubbing), membranes, and adsorption are not the only options. There is also centrifugal gas separation, which would strip out the nitrogen ballast post-combustion using the intrinsic momentum differences between the constituent fractions to self-separate them in the von Karman geometry. See e.g. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2009/0013867.html
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